Starting for the compressor the refrigerant is pumped from compressor to the condenser as its passed through the compressor its now ad high pressure vapour ( compressor only pumps vapour liquid would damaged it ), the condenser then cools the heated vapour and as it leaves it will be a high pressure liquid.
It now passes the drier which removes any of the remaining vapour and ensure no moisture is present.
Next it will pass through the expansion valve and into the evaporator its this expansion from high pressure liquid to low pressure liquid vapour that cause the freezing effect to cool the evaporator and eventually the cabin air.
The low pressure vapour then returns to compressor to begin cycle again.
Compressor - or air con pump is basically the engine of the A/C system it is belt driven from the cars engine. It pressurises and pumps the refrigerant around the A/C system. Its a vital part of the system and if it fails the A/C will not function. Failures can include leakages from connections, failure due to lack of lubrication, incorrect compressor clutch engagement.
Condenser/fan - This unit receives the high pressure super heated vapour from the compressor, it passes through the condenser piping and gives off heat to the atmosphere the via radiation fins. A fan is used to force air over the fins to remove this heat. A a result of the higher pressures and cooling the vapour with turn into liquid.
Drier / receiver - This unit absorbs any moisture that may be within the system , they will also trap any debris that might be in the system , it is a storage unit for oil/refrigerant when not in high demand and it prevents any left over vapour and allows only liquid reach the thermal expansion valve.
Expansion valve - This basically restricts the flow of refrigerant and converts the high pressure liquid into low pressure vapour which cause the temperature of the vapour to drop and cause the evaporator to drop in temperature.
Evaporator - this is used to pass on the cold from the expanded refrigerant via radiation to the air that is being fed into the cars cabin.
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